Islam mein roza sirf bhook aur pyaas ka naam nahi, balke yeh taqwa, sabr aur ita‘at ka aala darja hai. Ramzan-ul-Mubarak ka roza Islam ke paanch bunyadi arkaan mein se ek hai. Agar koi shakhs Ramzan ka farz roza jaan boojh kar tor de, to us par sirf qaza hi nahi balke kaffara bhi wajib hota hai. Is article mein hum kaffara ke shar‘i usool, daleel, tareeqa aur aham masail ko tafseeli taur par samjhenge.
Kaffara Kya Hai?
“Kaffara” ka lafz Arabic ke lafz kafara se nikla hai jiska matlab hai “dhank dena” ya “poora karna.” Shariat mein kaffara ka maqsad ghalti ka izala karna aur Allah Ta‘ala se maafi talab karna hota hai. Yeh ek roohani aur amali zimmedari hai jo gunah ke badle mein ada ki jati hai.
Kaffara Ki Shar‘i Daleel
Kaffara ka hukum ahadees se sabit hai. Sahih al-Bukhari aur Sahih Muslim mein ek mashhoor waqia milta hai ke ek sahabi Rasool Allah ﷺ ki khidmat mein hazir hue aur arz kiya ke un se Ramzan mein roza toot gaya (biwi se hum-bistari ki wajah se). Aap ﷺ ne unhein kaffara ada karne ka hukum diya.
Is hadith ki roshni mein ulama ne bayan kiya hai ke agar roza jaan boojh kar aur ikhtiyari taur par tora jaye, to kaffara wajib hota hai.
Kaffara Kin Sooraton Mein Wajib Hota Hai?
Kaffara sirf us surat mein wajib hota hai jab:
Ramzan ka farz roza ho
Roza jaan boojh kar tora gaya ho
Aisa amal kiya gaya ho jo roza ko mukammal taur par tor de (jaise hum-bistari)
Agar roza bhool kar toot jaye, ya majboori, bemari ya safar ki wajah se na rakha jaye, to sirf qaza wajib hoti hai, kaffara nahi.
Kaffara Ka Tareeqa
Shariat ne kaffara ke do tareeqe bayan kiye hain:
1. 60 Musalsal Rozay Rakhna
Sab se pehla tareeqa yeh hai ke shakhs 60 lagataar (musalsal) rozay rakhe.
Yeh rozay bina waqfa ke hone chahiye
Agar darmiyan mein bila shar‘i uzr koi roza chhoot jaye to dobara se 60 rozay shuru karne honge
Agar shar‘i uzr ho (jaise aurat ka haiz), to baad mein silsila jari rakha ja sakta hai
Yeh tareeqa un logon ke liye hai jo jismani taur par is ki taqat rakhte hain.
2. 60 Miskeen Ko Khana Khilana
Agar koi shakhs 60 rozay rakhne ki quwwat na rakhta ho, to doosra tareeqa yeh hai ke woh 60 miskeen ko khana khilaye.
Is ki tafseel yeh hai:
Har miskeen ko do waqt ka pet bhar khana diya jaye
Ya har miskeen ko sadqa-e-fitr ke barabar anaj diya jaye
Yeh 60 mukhtalif miskeen hon, ek hi shakhs ko 60 din tak khana dena kaafi nahi
Aaj ke daur mein yeh kaam mustahiq logon ko raashan de kar ya kisi mo‘tabar idare ke zariye bhi kiya ja sakta hai.
Qaza Aur Kaffara Mein Farq
Bohat se log qaza aur kaffara ko aik hi samajh lete hain, jabke dono mukhtalif hain:
Qaza: Chhuta hua roza baad mein rakhna
Kaffara: Jaan boojh kar roza torne ka jurmana
Agar kisi ne Ramzan ka roza jaan boojh kar tora, to us par ek roza ki qaza aur saath 60 rozay kaffara dono wajib honge.
Kaffara Ka Hikmat Aur Maqsad
Kaffara sirf saza nahi hai, balke:
Nafs ki islaah
Gunah ka kaffara
Allah se sachchi tauba ka izhar
Ibadat ki hurmat ka ehsas
60 rozay rakhna ya 60 miskeen ko khilana ek bara amal hai jo insaan ko apni ghalti ka ehsaas dilata hai aur use dobara aisi ghalti se bachata hai.
Auraton Ke Liye Hukum
Agar shohar aur biwi dono ne raza mandi se roza tora ho, to dono par kaffara wajib hoga. Agar kisi ek par jabr hua ho, to mazloom par kaffara nahi hoga, sirf us par hoga jis ne jabr kiya.
Haiz ya nifas ki surat mein agar aurat ka roza toot jaye to us par sirf qaza hai, kaffara nahi.
Aaj Ke Daur Mein Kaffara Ka Ada Karna
Modern zamane mein kaffara ada karne ke chand asaan tareeqe:
Mustahiq ghareeb families ko 60 din ka raashan dena
60 afrad ko ek waqt ka nahi balke do waqt ka mukammal khana dena
Kisi trust ya madarsa ke zariye tasdeeq shuda tareeqe se ada karna
Lekin niyyat ka saaf hona zaroori hai. Sirf paisa dena kaafi nahi, balke yeh dekhna bhi zaroori hai ke woh haqeeqi mustahiq tak pohanche.
Aham Masail
Agar kisi ne kai rozay tode hon, to har roza ka alag kaffara hoga (agar alag alag dinon mein tora gaya ho).
Agar aik hi din mein kai martaba roza tora gaya, to aik hi kaffara kaafi hoga.
Agar kisi ne ghusse ya jazbati halat mein roza tora, tab bhi kaffara wajib hoga kyun ke amal jaan boojh kar tha.
Ulama Ki Rai
Mukhtalif fiqhi madhahib ke darmiyan kuch tafseeli ikhtilafaat ho sakte hain, lekin bunyadi hukum par ijma hai ke jaan boojh kar roza torne par kaffara wajib hai. Is silsile mein kisi mo‘tabar aalim ya mufti se rehnumai lena behtar hota hai.
Tauba Ki Ahmiyat
Kaffara ada karne ke saath saath:
Sachchi tauba karna
Allah se maafi talab karna
Dobara aisi ghalti na karne ka irada karna
yeh sab zaroori hai. Allah Ta‘ala Ghafoor-ur-Raheem hai aur sachchi tauba ko pasand farmata hai.
Nateeja
Kaffara ka tareeqa — 60 musalsal rozay rakhna ya 60 miskeen ko khana khilana — Islam ki rehmat aur insaf dono ka izhar hai. Yeh hukum humein roza ki hurmat aur us ki azmat ka ehsas dilata hai.
Har Musalman ko chahiye ke Ramzan ke rozo ki hifazat kare. Agar kabhi ghalti ho jaye, to mayoos na ho balke shariat ke mutabiq qaza aur kaffara ada karke Allah Ta‘ala se maafi talab kare.
Kaffara sirf ek zimmedari nahi, balke roohani islaah aur taqwa ki taraf wapas aane ka zariya hai.
For more information https://quraan.pk/kafara-ka-tareeqa-60-rozay-60-miskeen-khilana/